Geosynthetic cov ntaub ntawv-Cov khoom siv dav dav rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws siv hauv kev siv engineering engineering

Geosynthetic cov ntaub ntawv

------Cov ntsiab lus dav dav rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws siv

nyob rau hauv civil engineering applications

 

Geosynthetic cov ntaub ntawv yog ib lo lus dav dav rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws siv hauv kev siv engineering engineering. Raws li ib yam ntawm cov khoom siv engineering, nws yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws polymers (xws li yas, hluavtaws fibers, hluavtaws roj hmab, thiab lwm yam) raws li cov ntaub ntawv raw, thiab ntau hom khoom tau muab tso rau hauv, ntawm qhov chaw, lossis ntawm ntau hom. ntawm cov av kom ntxiv dag zog lossis tiv thaiv cov av.

 

Cov Kev Qhia Tshwj Xeeb rau Kev Siv Cov Khoom Siv Geosynthetic faib cov ntaub ntawv geosynthetic rau hauv geotextiles, geomembranes, geosynthetic tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv thiab geosynthetic composite cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau hom xws li geotextiles, fiberglass mesh, thiab geosynthetic pads.

 

Geosynthetic cov ntaub ntawv yog ib lo lus sib sau ua ke rau ntau yam khoom tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws siv hauv geotechnical engineering thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse. Vim tias lawv tsuas yog siv hauv geotechnical engineering, lawv muaj npe "geosynthetics" kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntuj. Geosynthetic cov ntaub ntawv ib zaug hu ua "geotextiles" thiab "geomembranes". Nrog rau cov kev xav tau ntawm engineering, ntau yam tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tseem tshwm sim, xws li geogrids, geotextiles thiab geotextile hnab, geotextile mats, geotextiles, composite geotextiles, bentonite waterproof pam, composite drainage nets, thiab lwm yam. Cov npe qub tsis tuaj yeem npog. tag nrho cov khoom. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nram qab no, lawv raug hu ua "geotextiles, geotextiles thiab lwm yam khoom". Obviously, xws li lub npe tsis haum raws li cov lus qhia lossis kev kawm. Yog li ntawd, ntawm 5th International Conference on Geosynthetic Materials nyob rau hauv Singapore nyob rau hauv 1994, lub npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tau raug txiav txim raws li "Geosynthetic Materials". Cov khoom siv raw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv geosynthetic yog polymer. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj muab rho tawm los ntawm thee, roj, natural gas, los yog limestone, ntxiv ua rau fibers los yog hluavtaws cov ntaub ntawv, thiab thaum kawg ua rau ntau yam khoom. Cov polymers siv los tsim cov ntaub ntawv geosynthetic feem ntau suav nrog polyethylene (PE), polyester (PET), polyamide (PER), polypropylene (PP) thiab polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), polystyrene (EPS), thiab lwm yam.

Lwm lub npe rau geotextile yog geotextile. Cov khoom thaum ntxov tsis tshua muaj, txhais tau tias ib daim ntaub zoo li cov khoom siv hauv kev ua haujlwm geotechnical.

 

Kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm geotextiles suav nrog thawj zaug ua cov ntaub ntawv polymer rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, luv fibers, xov paj lossis strips, thiab tom qab ntawd ua cov txheej txheem geotextiles. Geotextiles tuaj yeem muab faib ua geotextiles thiab non-woven geotextiles raws li lawv txoj kev tsim khoom. Textile geotextiles yog tsim los ntawm ob qho tib si sib luag ntawm orthogonal lossis kab pheeb ces kaum warp thiab weft threads interwoven. Cov geotextiles uas tsis yog woven yog tsim los ntawm directing los yog randomly teem fibers thiab ces ua lawv. Raws li cov kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm fibers, muaj peb hom kev sib txuas: tshuaj lom neeg (nplaum) kev sib txuas, thermal kev sib txuas, thiab kev sib txuas tshuab.

 

Qhov zoo ntawm geotextiles yog lub teeb yuag, zoo tag nrho txuas ntxiv (tuaj yeem ua rau thaj chaw loj dua), kev tsim kho yooj yim, siab tensile zog, zoo corrosion kuj thiab microbial yaig kuj. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias tsis muaj kev kho tshwj xeeb, lub peev xwm tiv thaiv ultraviolet tsawg. Yog tias raug rau sab nraud, nws yooj yim rau hnub nyoog raws li cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha ultraviolet, tab sis yog tias tsis raug ncaj qha, qhov kev tiv thaiv kev laus thiab kav ntev yog tseem siab.

 

Geomembranes feem ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: asphalt thiab polymers (synthetic polymers). Geomembranes muaj asphalt feem ntau yog sib xyaw (xws li woven lossis non-woven geotextiles), nrog asphalt siv los ua cov ntaub ntub dej. Polymer geomembranes tau muab faib ua cov yas geomembranes, elastic geomembranes, thiab sib xyaw geomembranes raws li cov khoom sib txawv.

 

Ntau qhov kev coj ua hauv engineering tau pom tias geomembranes muaj qhov tsis zoo, muaj zog elasticity thiab hloov mus rau deformation, tuaj yeem tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho sib txawv thiab kev ntxhov siab ua haujlwm, thiab muaj kev laus zoo. Lub durability ntawm geomembranes nyob rau hauv underwater thiab av ib puag ncig yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb. Geomembranes muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv dej thiab dej tsis zoo.

 

Qhov ntom ntom: Qhov ntom ntom yog nyob ntawm cov khoom siv los tsim nws, thiab txawm tias cov polymers siv los tsim cov geomembranes koom nrog tib pawg, feem ntau muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv polyethylene tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau pawg xws li ultra-low density, low density, medium density, and high density, uas ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntom ntawm PE geomembranes. Qhov ntom ntom ntawm geomembrane polymers yog kwv yees li 0.85mg/L txog 1.50mg/L, thiab feem ntau siv ntom ntom hauv engineering feem ntau siab dua 0.94mg/L.

Thickness: Lub thickness hais txog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm sab saum toj thiab hauv qab ntawm daim nyias nyias nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm 20kPa. Rau cov geomembranes du (tsis muaj embossing lossis cov qauv ntawm qhov chaw), txoj kev ntsuas thickness zoo ib yam li cov geotextiles, tab sis yuav tsum siv lub micrometer ntau dua rau kev ntsuas. Txhua tus qauv yuav tsum tau ntsuas tsawg kawg yog peb txoj haujlwm sib txawv, thiab qhov nruab nrab tus nqi yuav tsum raug coj los ua qhov tuab ntawm PE composite geomembrane.

 

Geogrid yog cov khoom siv geosynthetic loj, uas muaj qhov ua tau zoo thiab ua tau zoo piv rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv geosynthetic. Geogrids feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv ntxiv rau cov khoom siv hauv av los yog cov khoom sib xyaw. Geogrids tau muab faib ua ob hom: iav fiber ntau thiab polyester fiber.

 

Cov yas

 

Hom geogrid no yog cov khoom siv polymer mesh nrog cov duab plaub lossis cov duab plaub uas tsim los ntawm kev ncab, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom raws li qhov sib txawv stretching cov lus qhia thaum tsim khoom: unidirectional stretching thiab biaxial stretching. Nws yog xuas nrig ntaus rau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer (feem ntau yog ua los ntawm polypropylene los yog high-density polyethylene) uas tau raug extruded, thiab tom qab ntawd raug rau kev taw qhia stretching nyob rau hauv cov cua kub.

 

Unidirectional stretching daim phiaj tsuas yog ua los ntawm ncab raws qhov ntev ntawm daim ntawv, thaum biaxial stretching daim phiaj yog ua los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv mus rau stretching unidirectional stretching daim phiaj nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia perpendicular rau nws ntev.

 

Vim qhov kev hloov kho thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom siv polymers thaum lub sij hawm cua sov thiab elongation txheej txheem hauv kev tsim cov geogrids, lub zog sib txuas ntawm cov saw hlau molecular muaj zog, ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txhim kho lawv lub zog. Nws elongation tsuas yog 10% mus rau 15% ntawm thawj lub rooj tsavxwm. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv kev laus xws li cov pa roj carbon dub ntxiv rau geogrid, nws yuav muaj qhov zoo dua qub xws li acid tsis kam, alkali tsis kam, corrosion kuj thiab aging kuj.

 

Fiberglass chav kawm

 

Hom geogrid no yog ua los ntawm cov iav fiber ntau muaj zog, qee zaum ua ke nrog tus kheej-adhesive siab sensing nplaum thiab nto asphalt impregnation kho, kom nruj integrate geogrid thiab asphalt pavement. Vim muaj zog sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov av thiab pob zeb cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim phiaj geogrid, qhov kev sib txhuam coefficient ntawm lawv nce (txog 0.8-1.0). Lub rub tawm tsis kam ntawm geogrid embedded nyob rau hauv cov av ho nce vim muaj zog kev sib txhuam thiab tom quab yuam ntawm cov geogrid thiab cov av, ua rau nws yog ib tug zoo reinforcement khoom.

 

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, geogrid yog lub teeb yuag, yoog raws cov khoom siv mesh uas yooj yim txiav thiab txuas rau ntawm qhov chaw, thiab tuaj yeem sib tshooj thiab sib tshooj. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim thiab tsis xav tau tshwj xeeb siv tshuab lossis cov kws tshaj lij kev ua haujlwm.

 

1 Lub hnab Geomembrane

 

Lub hnab Geomembrane yog ib lub hnab txuas ntxiv (lossis tus kheej) zoo li cov khoom ua los ntawm ob txheej txheej polymerized hluavtaws fiber ntau. Nws siv lub twj tso kua mis siab rau cov pob zeb los yog mortar rau hauv lub hnab, ua ib lub phaj zoo li los yog lwm yam qauv zoo li. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tiv thaiv txoj kab nqes lossis lwm yam kev kho mob hauv paus. Membrane hnab muab faib ua ob pawg raws li lawv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem ua: txhua yam thiab yooj yim membrane hnab. Mechanized membrane hnab tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom raws li lawv qhov muaj lossis tsis pom cov ntsiab lus lim dej thiab lawv cov duab tom qab kev nce nqi: pom cov kua dej taw tes membrane hnab, tsis pom cov kua dej taw tes membrane hnab, tsis muaj dej taw tes ua npuas ncauj, thiab pob khawm thaiv hom membranes. .

 

2. Genet

 

Geonet yog ib lub network ntawm geosynthetic cov ntaub ntawv nrog loj pores thiab siab nruj nyob rau hauv ib tug planar los yog peb-dimensional qauv, woven los ntawm cov khoom hluavtaws strips, coarse strands, los yog nias nrog hluavtaws cob. Siv rau lub hauv paus kev txhawb nqa lub hauv siab cushion txheej, kev tiv thaiv txoj kab nqes, cog nyom, thiab ua lub substrate rau kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw geotechnical.

 

3. Geomesh mats thiab geogrid chambers

 

Geomesh pads thiab geogrids yog ob qho tib si qauv tsim tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Cov qub feem ntau yog peb-dimensional permeable polymer mesh cushion tsim los ntawm ntev fibers, thaum lub tom kawg yog ib tug honeycomb los yog kab sib chaws zoo li peb-dimensional qauv tsim ntawm geotextiles, geogrids los yog geomembranes, thiab strip polymers. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau kev tiv thaiv yaig thiab av tiv thaiv engineering. Geocells uas muaj kev nruj nruj thiab kev cia siab rau sab nraud feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem cushion ntxiv, cov txaj hauv kev, lossis cov txaj taug kev.

 

4.Polystyrene ua npuas ncauj (EPS)

 

Polystyrene ua npuas ncauj (EPS) yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob geosynthetic tsim. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv ib tug foaming tus neeg sawv cev rau polystyrene, pre foaming nrog ib tug ceev ceev, thiab ces qhuav cov npuas dej nyob rau hauv ib lub silo ua ntej sau lawv mus rau hauv lub pwm thiab cua sov lawv. EPS muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub teeb yuag, tiv thaiv tshav kub, kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev nqus dej tsawg, thiab kev txhawb nqa tus kheej zoo, thiab feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv rau kev tsheb ciav hlau embankments.

 

Geotextiles, geomembranes, geogrids, thiab qee yam khoom tshwj xeeb geosynthetic yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ob lossis ntau cov ntaub ntawv los tsim cov ntaub ntawv geosynthetic. Geocomposite cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muab cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv kom ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, thiab tuaj yeem ua ntau yam haujlwm. Ib qho kev sib xyaw geotextile yog kev sib xyaw ntawm geotextile thiab geotextile ua raws li qee qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

Ntawm lawv, geotextile feem ntau yog siv los tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam, thiab geotextile ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txhawb nqa, kev tso dej, thiab ua kom muaj kev sib txhuam ntawm geotextile thiab av nto. Lwm qhov piv txwv yog geotextile composite drainage cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog cov ntaub ntawv ntws los ntawm non-woven geotextiles, geotextile nets, geotextile membranes, los yog geosynthetic core cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau cov duab. Lawv yog siv rau kev kho mob ntawm lub hauv paus mos dej consolidation, longitudinal thiab transverse drainage ntawm roadbed, underground cov kav dej nyob rau hauv cov tsev, sau cov qhov dej, phab ntsa ntws ntawm lub tsev, tunnel drainage, embankment drainage chaw, thiab lwm yam. yog ib hom geosynthetic composite ntws cov ntaub ntawv.

 

Cov ntaub ntawv geosynthetic composite siv dav rau txoj kev txawv teb chaws yog fiberglass polyester anti cracking ntaub thiab warp knitted composite reinforced anti cracking ntaub. Nws tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm txoj kev, txo tus nqi kho thiab tu. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam mus sij hawm ntev, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau Tuam Tshoj kom nquag txais thiab txhawb nqa cov khoom siv geosynthetic.

 

Cov ntaub ntawv geosynthetic muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv rau cov khoom sib txawv thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ntau yam engineering.

 

Cov teb uas tau thov muaj xws li geotechnical engineering, civil engineering, water conservancy engineering, environmental engineering, transport engineering, municipal engineering, thiab av reclamation engineering.

 

Hais txog kev tiv thaiv:

Av yaig yog txheej txheem ntuj tsim los ntawm hydraulic thiab cua zog, nrog rau ntau yam cuam tshuam xws li av, zaub, thiab topography. Raws li cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, tib neeg kev ua ub no tuaj yeem ua kom cov txheej txheem no nrawm dua. Yog tias qhov kev yaig no tsis raug kho kom raug, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov tsev thiab ib puag ncig.

 

Raws li kev tswj hwm av yaig, geosynthetics tuaj yeem siv rau kev tiv thaiv kab nqes, kev tiv thaiv kev xa dej channel, kev tiv thaiv ntug hiav txwv, av nkos reclamation, cov nroj tsuag rov qab los, kev tiv thaiv pob zeb thiab kev tsim kho dej nyab. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov project thiab qhov chaw nyob, kev yaig tswj engineering tuaj yeem koom nrog ib lossis ntau cov khoom siv geosynthetic.

 

Nyob rau hauv txoj kab nqes kev tiv thaiv engineering, ntxiv rau kev siv qee cov ntaub ntawv geosynthetic, cov ntsia hlau av thiab txawm tias cov pob zeb thauj tog rau nkoj yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Qee lub sij hawm, geotextile hnab ntim nrog hnyav mortar kuj tseem siv los kho qhov chaw tiv thaiv, thiab cov noob nyom tau muab tso rau hauv qhov khoob ntawm cov qauv tiv thaiv kom cog cov nroj tsuag thiab tiv thaiv av yaig.